1. 鋼筋搭接長度怎麼算
鋼筋搭接長度怎麼算？
鋼筋搭接長度的計算公式為：搭接長度=（鋼筋直徑 8mm）×2 搭接處實際間距。
2. 焊接中的GMWA是什麼
GMWA是一種焊接代號，即熔化極氣體保護電弧焊。
熔化極氣體保護電弧焊（英文簡稱GMAW）是採用連續等速送進可熔化的焊絲與被焊工件之間的電弧作為熱源來熔化焊絲和母材金屬，形成熔池和焊縫的焊接方法。為了得到良好的焊縫應利用外加氣體作為電弧介質並保護熔滴、熔池金屬及焊接區高溫金屬免受周圍空氣的有害作用。
熔化極氣體保護電弧焊的方法和特點：
由於不同種類的保護氣體及焊絲對電弧狀態、電氣特性、熱效應、冶金反應及焊縫成形等有著不同影響，因此根據保護氣體的種類和焊絲類型分成不同的焊接方法。
3. 求助專業英文翻譯。感謝！
1、電容儲能式（單頭）點焊機 / the capacitor type (single head) spot welding machine
2、電容儲能式（雙頭）點焊機 /the capacitor type (al head) spot welding machine
3、氣動交流脈沖式點焊機 / pneumatic/AC pulsed welding machine
4、氣動交流脈沖式（對焊）機 / pneumatic AC pulsed (welding)
5、三相（單相）次級整流點焊機 / three-phase (single-phase) secondary rectification welding machine
6、中頻逆變式點焊機 / the frequency of inverter welding machine
7、微型精密（儲能）點焊機 / micro-precision (energy storage) spot welding machine
8、微型精密（交流）點焊機 / micro-precision (AC) welding machine
9、電阻縫（滾）焊機 / resistance seam (rolling) welding machines
10、線製品排焊機 / wire procts/welding machine
11、腳踩式點焊機 / foot-type resistance spot welding machine
12、懸掛式點焊機 /suspended spot welding machine
13、鐵線成型機 /wire forming machines
14、不銹鋼（廚具）焊接專機系列 / stainless steel (kitchenware)/welding machine series
15、電容儲能式（毛巾架）焊接專機 / capacitor (towel) welding machine
16、全自動（方盒四角）焊接專機 / automatic (square corners) welding machine
17、CNC（X.Y軸）自動移動多點焊專機昌毀 / CNC (X.Y shaft) to automatically move multiple-spot welding machine
18、曲臂多關節移動（手持）點焊機 / arm cURL multi-joint mobile (handheld), spot welding machine
19、製冷用（冷疑器）焊接專機 / refrigeration (cold suspected) welding machine
20、龍門式（鋼絲網片）自動排羨和焊專機 /gantry (wire mesh) automatic welding special plane
21、龍門式（板金）自動多點焊專機 / gantry (sheet metal) automatic welding special plane
22、全自動（端子線）焊接剪線專機 / automatic (terminal lines) weld shearing line machine
23、自動（馬達轉子）焊接專機 / automatic (motor rotor) welding machine
24、汽車（連桿）焊接專機 / motor vehicles (link)/welding machine
25、汽車（兄迅盯濾清器）自動旋轉焊接專機 / cars (filters), automatic Rotary welding machine
26、全自動氬弧焊接裝置 / automatic Tig welding installation
27、閃光對焊專機 / Flash butt welding machine
28、除塵骨架焊接專機 / sting frame welding machine
29、螺母螺柱焊接專機 / nut/stud welding machine
30、隔篩網焊接專機 /screening mesh welding machine
31、金屬手機外殼焊接專機 / metal welding machine for mobile phone cover
32、風扇網罩焊接專機 / Fan-Net Shield welding machine
33、銀觸點專用焊機 / silver contact Special welding machines
34、自動旋轉焊接出料專機 /automatic Rotary welding machine
35、電池焊接點焊機系列 / battery spot welding machine for welding
36、咖啡壺焊接點焊機系列 /coffee pot, spot welding machine for welding
37、金屬眼鏡架焊接專機 / metal spectacle frame welding machine
38、鎖具焊接專機 / lock/welding machine
39、更多電阻焊非標設備 /the more resistance welding of non-standard equipment/
終於翻譯完了，累……
4. 英文翻譯
Technology of Submerged Arc Welding
埋弧焊技術
The welding variables for submerged arc welding are similar to the other arc welding processes, with several exceptions. The electrode size is related to the weld joint size and the current recommended for the particular joint. This must also be considered in determining the number of passes or beads for a particular joint. Welds for the same joint dimension can be made with many or few passes; this depends on the weld metal metallurgy desired. Multiple passes are more expensive but usually deposit higher-quality weld metal. The polarity is established initially and is based on whether maximum penetration or maximum deposition rate is required.
埋弧焊技術的焊接變數與其他弧焊工藝的相似。但也有幾個例外。電極尺寸與焊縫尺寸以及推薦給特定接頭用的電流大小有關。確定特定接頭的焊道或焊珠數量時也要考慮電極的尺寸。焊接相同尺寸的接頭時，焊道數量可多可少，取決於所需的焊接金屬冶金。多焊道的成本更高，但通過會熔覆高質量的焊接金屬。極性應在一開始就根據是否需要最大焊透或熔覆率來確定。
The major variables that affect the weld involve heat input and include the welding current, arc voltage, and travel speed. Welding current is the most important. For single-pass welds, the current should be sufficient for the desired penetration without burn-through. The higher the current, the deeper the penetration is. In multi-pass work, the current should be suitable to proce the size of the weld expected in each pass.影響焊接的主要變數包括熱輸入量、焊接電流、弧焊電壓以及焊接速度。其中焊接電流是最主要的變數。對於單焊道焊接來說，電流必須足以使焊接達到所需深度，但不能燒穿。電流越高，焊接越深。對於多焊道作業來說，電流必須適當，從而使每條焊道都獲得所需的焊接尺寸。
The arc voltage is varied within narrow limits. It has an influence on the bead width and shape. Higher voltages will cause the bead to be wider and flatter. Extremely high arc voltage can cause cracking. This is because an abnormal amount of flux is melted and excess deoxidizers may be transferred to the weld deposit, lowering its ctility. Higher arc voltage also increases the amount of flux consumed. The low arc voltage proces a stiffer arc that improves penetration, particularly in the bottom of deep grooves. If the voltage is too low, a very marrow bead will result. It will have a high crown, and the slag will be difficult to remove.弧焊電壓的變化范圍很小。它對焊珠的寬度和形狀有所影響。電壓越高，焊珠越寬且越平。弧焊電壓太高，則會導致開裂。這是因為融化的焊劑量太多，導致過量的去氧劑轉移到堆焊上，從而降低了金屬的延展性。更高弧焊電壓所需要的焊劑也越多。低弧焊電壓會產生剛性弧，從而使焊接更深，尤其是在深槽的底部。然而，如果電壓過低，形成的焊珠會很窄，並高高隆起。這樣會導致焊渣很難清除。
Travel speed has an influence on both bead width and on penetration. Faster speeds proce narrower beads that have less penetration. This can be an advantage for sheet metal welding, where small beads and minimum penetration are required. If speeds are too fast, however ,there is a tendency for undercut and porosity ,since the weld friezes quicker .If the travel speed is too slow, the electrode stays in the weld pool too long, which will create poor bead shape and may cause excessive spatter and flash through the layer of flux.焊接速度對焊珠寬度和焊透深度有影響。速度更快，焊珠更窄，且焊透深度更淺。焊接薄金屬板時，速度更快更有利。因為此時需要小焊珠和淺焊透深度。然而如果速度太快，焊料起毛更快，則有可能形成咬邊和氣孔。如果焊接速度太低，電極在焊接熔池停留時間太長，則會形成不良焊珠、過量飛濺物和焊劑層穿孔。
The secondary variables include the angle of the electrode to the work, the angle of the work itself, the thickness of the flux layer, and, most important , the distance between the current pickup tip and the arc also called electrode stickout. 次要變數包括電極相對於工作台的角度、工作台角度、焊劑層的厚度以及導電嘴和電弧的間距（也稱為電極干伸長）。其中電極干伸長是最重要的變數。
The depth of the flux layer must be controlled. If it is too thin, there will be too much arcing through the flux or arc flash. This also may cause porosity. If the flux depth is too heavy, the weld may be narrow and humped. On the subject of flux, too many fines( small particles of flux ) in the flux can cause surface pitting since the gases generated in the weld may not escape. These are sometimes called pock marks on the bead surface.
焊劑層的厚度必須得到控制。如果焊劑層太薄，則會有過量的電弧穿透焊劑或存在電弧閃光。這同樣會產生氣孔。如果焊劑層太厚，則焊縫可能會太窄且隆起。如果焊劑中存在太多細粉（小顆粒狀焊劑），焊接時生成的氣體可能無法逸出，從而表面可能會形成點蝕。它們有時被稱做焊珠表面的麻面。
5. 碰焊用英語怎麼說
你講的情況應該算spot welding，即點焊，加上resistance更明確是電阻焊
butt welding一般指對接焊接，不是一般意義上的碰焊，碰焊就是接觸焊，如你所說有很多種。